The anatomical form of adult male and female camels does not necessarily match in body mass, neck circumference and hump shape. A study published in 2025 compared structural measurements in 130 adult Canarian camels, comprising 58 females, 31 intact males and 41 castrated males, and found significant differences according to sex and reproductive status. The specific differences found for this breed are not to be generalised to all camels of the Arabian Peninsula without additional sources.
Male dromedaries are about 10% heavier than females (400–600 kg) and about 10 cm taller at the shoulder (1.8–2.0 m). Males also have an inflatable soft palate used to attract females, which females lack.
Majaheem (also called Malah): a black breed that originated in north-eastern Saudi Arabia, with a pointed hump in the middle of the back, long hair covering the body, long legs, broad foot pads and a well-developed udder; it is one of the best milk-producing breeds in the Kingdom.
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根拠: SRC-302記述コード: CLM-ENT0001-R29-06
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Waddah (also called Maghatir): white camels that may sometimes tend towards yellowish, with pointed ears with little hair, long legs and a well-developed hump; in Saudi Arabia.
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根拠: SRC-302記述コード: CLM-ENT0001-R29-07
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Homor (or Hamrah) is a medium-sized dairy breed with a distinctive light-brown coat and pointed ears with sparse hair. It occurs in small numbers throughout Saudi Arabia but is more common in the north.
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Sofor (or Safrah) is a medium-sized, dark-brown Saudi camel with a long head and neck, a well-developed udder, a broad chest, long legs, large feet, and long hair covering much of the body. It occurs in the same regions as the Homor and is well adapted to the harsh desert climate.
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Shaele (Shu'l) is a medium-sized camel with a grey coat that may become reddish-brown, especially in males. It has pointed ears, short legs, and a symmetrical hump, and is common in south-eastern Saudi Arabia.
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Awarik (Awrk or Awarik): light-coloured, almost white, short-haired camels whose udder is more developed than that of the Saheli and whose hump lies at the rear of the back; widespread in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia, with moderate milk production.
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Saheli: camels living along the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia, with a distinctive red colour and a small head with a prominent forehead.
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Awadi is a camel breed from southern Saudi Arabia with a coat ranging from red to white. It has a small head, a short, slender neck, a small udder, hair on the ears, head and neck, and a rounded hump.
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Asail is a racing camel with a fine head and flat forehead, pointed ears, very narrow feet, long legs, a rounded hump toward the rear of the back, and a short-haired coat ranging from yellow to brown.
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根拠: SRC-302記述コード: CLM-ENT0001-R29-14
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Zargeh is a southern Saudi camel with a blue-grey coat and long hair on the head, neck, shoulders and hump. It has a small head, a short neck, a broad chest and short legs.
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根拠: SRC-302記述コード: CLM-ENT0001-R29-15
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Shaghha / Shugh (Shageh): camels with a small head, a short thick neck and a narrow chest but a developed udder; they resemble the Zarqa but are greyer in colour, and are more common in southern Saudi Arabia.
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Hadhana is a camel with a coat ranging from yellow to red, a fine head, a flat forehead, a slender neck, and a rounded, symmetrical hump. It has no long body hair and is found mainly within a limited area in the hills around Al-Baha.
The dromedary camel has a single hump, and the hump contains fat rather than a store of water.
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A one-humped camel whose hump stores fat, not water, with long legs, broad padded feet that reduce sinking into sand, and lips able to pick up coarse plants. Hair length, coat colour and body proportions may vary between breeds and ages; a black or shaggy appearance does not represent a separate species.
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A scientific review indicates that camel groups selected for carrying loads may be sturdy, relatively shorter and broader-chested, with a fuller hump, large feet and thicker skin in some types. These are selection trends at the level of types and do not justify altering the anatomy of every pack camel or regarding baggage camels as separate species.
Some camel groups bred for riding or racing are selected towards a relatively longer and slimmer (longilineal) build compared with some heavy-work camels. This is a trait at the level of selected types and breeds, not a requirement for every mount or ridden camel; nor do ordinary riding camels necessarily match racing camels.
An anatomical study (Kinne et al. 2010) examined foetuses and calves of the dromedary (Arabian camel) and observed no remnants of a second hump such as in the Bactrian camel. Therefore a single-humped calf or foetus must not be depicted with a two-humped skeleton merely because it is young. Based on the text of its abstract, the study does not establish the final size of the single hump or the rate of its fat accumulation at each age stage.
The shape and proportions of the chest of the Arabian camel calf change during the first year of life, and simply scaling down the adult camel model is not enough to produce an accurate image of the young. A longitudinal study followed 120 full-term calves from birth to 12 months: chest circumference rose from an average of 72.1 to 140.6 cm, and chest width increased relative to its depth. Differences in the trajectory of chest growth appeared between males and females, especially after six months. These results represent the study sample, and all breeds should not be assumed to match them.
The dromedary conserves water by letting its body temperature fluctuate during the day between 34 and 41.7 °C instead of sweating; it tolerates a water loss of about 30% of its body weight and can drink 100 litres of water in 10 minutes.